KET EXAM

These are the links for you to practice the oral exam:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3zF-fRYYUOMLXBQT1F4UWxzRVk

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3zF-fRYYUOMbGV3UkZKY3JLRWs

CHAPTERS 8-9-10-11

REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISES

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1629

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?10

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/backshift.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/sentences.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/pronouns.htm
http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-on-reported-speech.html#.WJo78rLhCM8
http://www.redcamelot.com/camelot/exercises/SEPT26/Grammar/Reported%20Speech/Level%201.a.htm

Reported Speech

Reported Statements

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	“I like ice cream”	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	“I am living in London”	She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple	“I bought a car”	She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous	“I was walking along the street”	She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	“I haven't seen Julie”	She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	“I had taken English lessons before”	She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will	“I'll see you later”	She said (that) she would see me later.
would*	“I would help, but..”	She said (that) she would help but...
can	“I can speak perfect English”	She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*	“I could swim when I was four”	She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall	“I shall come later”	She said (that) she would come later.
should*	“I should call my mother”	She said (that) she should call her mother
might*	"I might be late"	She said (that) she might be late
must	"I must study at the weekend"	She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):

• Direct speech: “The sky is blue”.
• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

"Office Gossip Chapter I" English Reported Speech -

Reported Speech

PAST PASSIVE EXERCISES

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-2.html
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-59106.php
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-past

PRESENT PASSIVE EXERCISES

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-present
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-1.html
http://www.grammarbank.com/simple-present-passive.html
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/passive-voice-simplepresent1.html

PASSIVE

Passive in English

1. Passive – Use

We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

Example: Appointments are required in such cases.

2. Passive – Form

to be + past participle

How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

• object of the active sentence becomes subject in the passive sentence
• subject of the active sentence becomes object in the passive sentence (or is left out)

We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence.

Type of sentence	Subject	Verb	Object
Active sentence:	Peter	builds	a house.
Passive sentence:	A house	is built	by Peter.

3. Examples

3.1. Simple Present

Type of sentence	Subject	Verb	Object
Active sentence:	Peter	builds	a house.
Passive sentence:	A house	is built	by Peter.

3.2. Simple Past

Type of sentence	Subject	Verb	Object
Active sentence:	Peter	built	a house.
Passive sentence:	A house	was built	by Peter.

Practice the Passive Voice with scenes from TV shows

THE PASSIVE VOICE 1 Simple present 2 Simple past 3 Simple Future